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An exponential moving average is like a simple moving average but gives more weight to recent days, so it turns faster. The 50- and 200-day EMAs are widely watched as medium- and long-term trend references.

A weighted moving average is like a simple moving average but weights recent days linearly more, so it tracks the latest price action a little faster while still smoothing noise.

A simple moving average is the average closing price over a set number of days. It smooths out day-to-day noise so the underlying direction is easier to read; price holding above a rising average reflects an ongoing uptrend.

The raw daily prices — open, high, low and close. Other indicators are built from these, and a condition can compare a price directly against a level.

The Average Directional Index measures how strong a trend is — not its direction — on a 0–100 scale. Readings above roughly 25 indicate a trending market; below about 20 suggests price is ranging sideways.

MACD tracks the gap between two exponential moving averages of price, with a 'signal' line and a histogram. The MACD line crossing its signal line, and the histogram changing sign, are read as shifts in momentum.

The Relative Strength Index measures the speed and size of recent price moves on a 0–100 scale. Readings below 30 are conventionally described as 'oversold' (recent selling has been heavy) and above 70 as 'overbought'.

Rate of change is the percentage change in price over a set number of days — a direct reading of momentum. A positive and rising value reflects gains that are accelerating.

The number of shares traded in a day. A minimum-volume floor keeps a scan on liquid names where the price action reflects broad participation rather than a handful of trades.